During the cyanide process, what additives are added to the agitating tank, what prop...

During the cyanide process, what additives are added to the agitating tank, what proportion?

The mixing tank is used to add various reagents such as caustic soda or hydrated lime. These reagents can also be added in the ball mill stage or the agitating tank, and there is no fixed standard; the adjustment is based on the actual conditions of the ore.

Additives in Cyanide Agitation Tanks

The choice and proportion of additives in cyanide agitation tanks depend on several factors, including:

Ore type and mineralogy

Desired gold recovery

Environmental regulations

Economic considerations

Common Additives

Lime (Calcium Oxide or Calcium Hydroxide):

Maintains pH levels for optimal gold dissolution.

Neutralizes acidic components in the ore.

Proportion: Typically added to achieve a pH of around 10-11.

Depressants:

Prevent the dissolution of unwanted minerals.

Examples: Cyanide, sulfide, and lime.

Proportion: Varies based on ore composition and desired recovery.

Activators:

Enhance the dissolution of gold by modifying the surface properties of the ore.

Examples: Copper sulfate, lead nitrate.

Proportion: Typically used in small quantities.

Flocculants:

Aid in solid-liquid separation during the clarification process.

Examples: Polyacrylamide, starch.

Proportion: Depends on the desired settling rate and clarity of the solution.

Antifoaming Agents:

Reduce foam formation during agitation.

Examples: Silicone-based or alcohol-based agents.

Proportion: Used in small amounts to control foam.

Important Considerations

Additive interactions: The effects of additives can be influenced by the presence of other chemicals.

Environmental impact: Some additives may have environmental implications, requiring careful consideration.

Economic factors: The cost of additives should be balanced against their benefits.

Pilot testing: It is often necessary to conduct pilot-scale tests to determine the optimal additive package and proportions.

It's crucial to note that the specific additives and their proportions can vary significantly based on the ore characteristics and process conditions.